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Russia taking heavy losses as it wages new offensive in Ukraine_我的网站

一 | 本月，比特币庆祝其10岁生日。    KYIV, Ukraine -- Russia appears to be suffering severe losses as it wages its new offensive in eastern Ukraine, amid some of the bloodiest fighting in months, according to Ukrainian officials and independent analysts.Russia has thrown thousands of troops and hundreds of tanks and armored vehicles into the offensive, which is focused mainly on the strategic city of Avdiivka and further north near the city of Kupiansk. Russian forces for roughly two weeks have been trying to encircle Avdiivka, which is one of the most heavily fortified areas of Ukraine's frontline.Ukrainian officials on Sunday claimed Russia had lost over 6,000 soldiers in a week, as well as over 400 armored vehicles and tanks. Britain's defense intelligence claimed Russian casualties have spiked by 90% since it began the offensive.ABC cannot independently verify those numbers, but numerous videos of the Russian attacks around Avdiivka released by Ukrainian units suggest Russia is taking losses on a scale not since last winter.Some of the videos show columns of Russian armor coming under withering Ukrainian fire as they try to advance, pummelled by artillery and anti-tank missiles, and running into minefields. In other videos, Russian forces can be seen being barraged by U.S.-supplied cluster munitions. Large groups of Russian infantry can be seen being struck by artillery.Open source analysts watching the videos have counted dozens of Russian vehicles destroyed and damaged.Ukraine does not publish its own casualties, but Ukrainian officials have acknowledged they are also large.So far Russian forces have made little progress, only advancing a few hundred meters, near Avdiivka, according to both Ukrainian and Russian accounts.But despite the losses, Russia is continuing its efforts to encircle Avdiivka. The Washington, D.C.-based Institute for the Study of War on Sunday assessed Russia was moving more troops up to continue the attack."Russian forces are funneling additional forces to the Avdiivka front despite ongoing challenges with frontal mechanized assaults and the failure of a renewed push on October 19-20," the ISW wrote in its daily update on the war.Ukrainian officials have said they believe the determined Russian effort to seize Avdiivka is motivated by the Kremlin's desire to claim a significant victory ahead of Russia's presidential elections next year."It appears that Russian forces are continuing to use ineffective and costly tactics in offensive efforts near Avdiivka leading to high personnel and vehicle losses, and that they have continuously done so in several waves of attacks over the past week suggests that the Russian military command is prioritizing this axis, despite continued and growing losses," the ISW wrote in an earlier assessment on Saturday.Some Russian pro-war military bloggers have criticised how the operation has been handled and the decision to attack the most heavily fortified area of Ukraine's line, given the small progress so far.Analysts, however, have warned that despite the catastrophic losses, Russia may still be able to encircle Avdiivka and that it still has sizeable reserves in the area.Vitaliy Barabash, the head of Avdiivka's Ukrainian military administration, on Monday said Russian forces were attempting to cut the only road leading to the city, which would isolate the Ukrainian forces defending it."Logistics are very difficult. Twenty two kilometers to the city are constantly under fire, both during the day and at night. It greatly complicates both evacuation and bringing in humanitarian aid. Any logistics is all through one road. Of course, the enemy is trying to cut it," Barabash said in a live interview with RFE/RL.He also said that 1,601 civilians still in Avdiivka did not want to leave.Ukraine is also still on the offensive. In the past week, an unusually large force from two elite Ukrainian Marine brigades landed on the Russian-occupied eastern bank of the Dneipr river in the Kherson region. The Ukrainian units have advanced into at least two villages there and are digging in, according to Russian military bloggers.The scale of the operation is still very unclear, but it appears Ukraine may be attempting to establish a bridgehead there that if successful could create a possibility for it to move larger forces across for a bigger attack, potentially opening a new front in its counteroffensive. For now, most analysts assess the size of the Ukrainian force operating on the eastern bank is still small.Ukrainian forces are also continuing to attack on the main axis of the counteroffensive in the southern Zaporizhzhia region and around the city of Bakhmut, reportedly making small advances.。回顾过去的十年，多么激动人心的过山车体验！从最初的不可用性，到见证比特币价格指数飙升的荷兰郁金香供应商，再到基于其基本区块链技术的模仿者。去年，比特币的价格急剧下跌。

二 | 这是硅谷的两个词：头痛！十年前，中本引入了比特币的概念；他开发的比特币“创世块”引起了全球范围的热潮。比特币拥有财富创造（对早期用户而言）和制度破坏（特别是对中央银行而言），就像我们眼中的硅谷一样。如果你认为像Facebook和谷歌这样的公司是通过操纵公众来赚钱的，不管他们对社会造成什么样的伤害，那么你真的应该仔细听比特币的故事。诺姆·科恩是一位富有创造力的作家，《通晓一切》的作者，主要讲述硅谷的传奇历史。与大多数记者相比，我对比特币的认识相对早（当比特币的价格为17美元时，它经历了从当时的价格暴跌中复苏的过程）。我记得，当一个巫师发明了一种无法复制的虚拟货币——对数字货币来说是一个明显的挑战——并通过不断更新的、未经处理的账本向所有拥有这枚硬币的人宣布时，我认为这是一个不可思议的思想实验。我发现有几家公司愿意接受比特币，一家在佛蒙特州，一家在匈牙利，但他们似乎对比特币所做的一切努力持不可知论。

三 | 即便如此，比特币似乎是一种潜在的强大的在线协作工具。也许这是一种不用换钱就可以贷款的方法？毕竟，维基百科也是一组狂热分子用来创造价值的代码；它透明地工作，它的最新版本允许任何人编辑和获得报酬。但我不明白为什么任何人都同意接受这笔付款而没有建立一个共同的信念。（当时，我的故事出现在一家全国性报纸的商业版上；现在回想起来，我对商业一无所知。）2011年，确实有一些不祥的迹象。比特币操作软件的主要开发者Gavin Andresen告诉我，从市场价值的角度来看，比特币的价值等于一枚硬币的价格乘以流通中的所有硬币。思想实验变成了一次冒险。（按照安德烈森的方法，比特币市值达到1亿美元；到2017年底，比特币市值达到3000多亿美元的峰值。）谨慎使用比特币。早在2011，电子前沿基金会开始以比特币的形式返还基金，因为它的法律地位可疑，但后来改变了方法，开始接受比特币。维基解密是一个大型文档泄露和分析网站，对比特币非常感兴趣。2017年，维基解密的创始人朱利安阿桑奇在Twitter上发了一条信息，讽刺地感谢美国政府使其难以接受2010年以后的定期捐赠。”他写道：“这迫使我们投资比特币，回报率达到500倍。”比特币在其早期发展阶段有两个特点：1。拥有成长中企业一部分的潜力；2。在政府监管之外进行贸易的能力。2012年，比特币专家估计，这种数字货币的主要用途是在丝绸之路上购买少量毒品。由于比特币的价值，它已经吸引了许多想要快速赚钱的人，比如IRL巴克，开始把比特币作为投资。新投资者也使这些硬币更有价值，并吸引了其他潜在投资者的注意。硅谷并不把这些趋势视为麻烦，而是把赌注押在比特币上。大风投们倾向于投资那些通过将比特币转换成美元来鼓励投机行为的公司；彼得·泰尔、卡梅伦和泰勒·温克列沃斯等知名技术专家都表示，他们自己已经投资了比特币。从那时起，比特币亿万富翁这个词就出现了。有了如此明显和粗俗的赚钱目的，不管硅谷多么努力，都很难用其典型的“让世界变得更好”来粉饰与比特币相关的投资。2014年，风险投资家马克·安德森（Mark Anderson）在一个现成的Twitter上提出，投资者对比特币价格的猜测是为了宣传。比特币系统是为投机而设计的，旨在引导“先鸡后蛋”的网络效应。换言之，它们一瞬间就来了，但却留下了无限的互惠交换。就在同一个月，风险投资家里德·霍夫曼透露，他正在投资一家名为Blockstream的初创公司，因为他相信比特币和区块链通常是一种解放工具。它承诺降低金融服务的成本；它允许小额支付来支持像报纸和艺术家这样的重要机构；它将为世界偏远地区带来一种国际货币。”简言之，区块链的概念及其支持的事务类型是对互联网的基本补充，它可以极大地扩展我们彼此通信的方式，”他写道。“比特币正在连接世界，”霍夫曼以硅谷的方式认为，一个高度透明的分类账金融系统可以比一个官僚的系统更有效和公平地运作。比特币宣言中没有提到这一点：让比特币变得有用会使其更有价值，因此这是一项很好的投资。这篇文章可能会说，跨境交易更容易，“尤其是在没有信用卡网络或强大的银行系统的情况下，”但潜台词是，比特币使用越多，它们就越有价值。当然，那些以最低价格购买最多比特币的人会像强盗一样逃走，因为寡头控制着一种货币。

四 | 事实上，硅谷是一个寡头：一些公司瓜分世界利润，声称他们不在乎利润。他们利用有关社区建设和社区联系的信息来掩盖他们的真正目的，即使我们已经意识到这些公司鼓励极端的个人主义，我们每个人都可以独立地实现我们的梦想，而不是促进社区发展。比特币提倡优越性，而不是伪装它，但它从未在这种文化中站稳脚跟。但必须承认的是，大型科技公司已经意识到，如果你打算利用操纵和欺骗手段赚钱，最好不要一直公布你赚了多少钱的信息。你在自找麻烦。

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